Final answer:
The respiratory therapist monitors nasal air flow and chest wall impedance to distinguish central apnea from obstructive apnea during a sleep study. Nasal air flow detection helps identify obstructive sleep apnea, while the lack of respiratory effort with no airflow is indicative of central sleep apnea.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to distinguish central apnea from obstructive apnea during a sleep study requires the respiratory therapist to monitor C) nasal air flow and D) chest wall impedance. Nasal airflow sensors can detect pauses in breathing or reduced airflow without chest wall movement, suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea, where the airway is physically blocked. In contrast, central sleep apnea, which is due to a lack of respiratory drive from the brain, can be identified when there are pauses in airflow along with the absence of chest wall movement, indicating no attempt to breathe.
Sleep studies typically track several physiological parameters including heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and brain activity to diagnose sleep apnea. Treatments for sleep apnea may include the use of a CPAP machine, which helps to keep the airway open by providing a continuous flow of air through a mask worn during sleep. Other lifestyle changes or treatments, particularly for central sleep apnea, may involve addressing underlying health issues or using supplemental oxygen.