Final answer:
Salat is the act of Muslim prayer performed five times daily and is the second of the Five Pillars of Islam, which are the foundational practices of the Muslim faith. Muslims pray facing Mecca, the holy city, by their religious duties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The practice mentioned in the question is Salat, which is the Muslim ritual of prayer performed five times a day. Each of the options given, a) Sawm, b) Salat, c) Zakat, d) Shahada represents one of the Five Pillars of Islam, they are the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice. Specifically, Salat is the second pillar and involves offering prayers five times a day facing towards the holy city of Mecca. This act of devotion is crucial to the daily lives of practicing Muslims and is considered one of the most important duties in Islam, as it provides a direct link between the worshipper and Allah.
The other pillars are Shahadah (the profession of faith), Sawm Ramadan (fasting during Ramadan), Zakat (charitable giving), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). Together, they form the core beliefs and practices that unite Muslims around the world in their religious duty.