Final answer:
The characteristic that allows neuron cell membranes to control ion passage and does not allow positive sodium ions to pass through during the resting state is called selective permeability.option c is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristic referred to in the student's question is known as selective permeability. This is the property of neuron cell membranes that allows them to control the passage of different types of ions through ion channels. In a resting neuron, these gates, or voltage-gated ion channels, keep the neuronal cell membrane impermeable to positive sodium ions (Na+), thus maintaining the resting membrane potential at approximately -70 mV. When a neuron is stimulated and reaches the threshold potential, typically around -55 mV, these sodium channels open, leading to a rapid influx of Na+ into the neuron, causing depolarization. Following depolarization, to return to resting membrane potential, the Na+ channels close and potassium (K+) channels open to allow K+ to exit the cell, which repolarizes the membrane.
The process of returning to the resting membrane potential involves the refractory period, during which the sodium channels cannot be opened, thereby preventing the generation of another action potential. Eventually, through the actions of ion pumps and leakage channels, the neuron restores its resting potential, readying itself for the possibility of a future action potential.