Final answer:
The inner membrane that participates in the filtration process within the nephron is part of Bowman's capsule, constituted by podocytes forming the visceral layer. It filters the blood, allowing certain substances to pass while retaining others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inner (visceral) membrane that forms part of the filtration membrane is part of Bowman's capsule. Specifically, it is made by podocytes, which are cells that have finger-like processes. These processes, known as pedicels, interdigitate to form a filtration membrane. Thus, the correct answer to the question is (b) Bowman's capsule.
The renal corpuscle is part of the nephron and consists of two main structures: the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where the blood is initially filtered, and the Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and captures the filtrate, which is then processed into urine through the rest of the nephron. Within this capsule, the visceral layer is directly in contact with the glomerulus and works as part of the filtration barrier, screening out blood cells and large proteins while allowing water, ions, and small molecules to pass through.