Final answer:
Option c . Continuous variables cannot be counted but measured and include values over a range, such as temperature or height. They differ from discrete variables, as they can take an infinite number of values within any given range.
Step-by-step explanation:
Numerical variables with outcomes that cannot be listed or counted because they occur over a range are called continuous variables. Unlike discrete variables, which have countable outcomes, continuous variables are measured and can take an infinite number of values within a given range. For instance, the temperature on a particular day or the height of a randomly selected student are examples of continuous variables because they can be measured to finer and finer decimal points, hence cannot be simply counted.
When running a probability experiment, a continuous variable is defined in a way that we can speak only about the probability of the outcome falling within a particular range (P(x < c) or P(x ≤ c)), because the probability of it being exactly a single value is effectively zero. This is due to the infinite number of possible values that can occur within any range for continuous data.