Final answer:
The emergency system activated due to blocked DNA Polymerase is the SOS Response, which is a last-resort pathway that helps a cell to cope with extensive DNA damage by allowing specialised DNA polymerases to bypass lesions at the cost of increased mutations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emergency system due to blocked DNA Polymerase is C. SOS Response.
DNA Polymerase is a critical enzyme involved in replicating the cell's genetic material. During replication, it can sometimes encounter damage such as thymine dimers, causing the replication process to stall. Cells have various mechanisms to deal with such issues, including base excision repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. However, when DNA Polymerase is blocked, and the damage is widespread and severe, the SOS response is activated. This is a global response to significant DNA damage that allows the cell to bypass the damaged sites temporarily through the action of special DNA polymerases that can work past these lesions.
These polymerases are much more error-prone, so the SOS response is considered an emergency or last-resort pathway, allowing the cell to survive at the cost of increased mutations. Key examples of damage that might trigger the SOS response include unrepaired thymine dimers caused by UV exposure and extensive DNA strand breaks.