Final answer:
The concept in question is gene expression, which includes the processes of transcription (copying DNA into mRNA) and translation (synthesizing proteins from the mRNA sequence) as outlined by the Central Dogma of molecular biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept described in the student's question is the fundamental process of gene expression, encompassing two key biological processes: transcription and translation. During transcription, genetic information encoded in DNA is copied to form messenger RNA (mRNA), which involves initiating the process, elongating the mRNA sequence, and then terminating once a complete mRNA transcript of the gene has been produced. Following transcription, mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where the process of translation occurs. Here, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA and synthesizes proteins by linking the appropriate amino acids in the sequence prescribed by the mRNA code, with each triplet of nucleotides on the mRNA (a codon) specifying a particular amino acid.
This entire process is dictated by the Central Dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. The DNA sequence, such as ACGGGTAAGG, is transcribed into its complementary mRNA sequence, UGCCCAUUCC, and this mRNA then carries the code to ribosomes which translate it into a polypeptide chain or protein. This central concept is pivotal to understanding how organisms convert genetic blueprints into functional proteins.