Final answer:
The bystander effect in an emergency situation involves noticing, interpreting, and assuming responsibility for helping. Other bystanders can contribute to the diffusion of responsibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The steps that constitute the bystander effect in an emergency situation are:
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The presence of other bystanders can lead to diffusion of responsibility, where individuals are less likely to intervene because they believe someone else will take action. This phenomenon is known as the bystander effect.