Final answer:
The correct option is c. Another term for end codons in the process of translation is 'stop codons,' which include UAA, UAG, and UGA, and are crucial for ending protein synthesis and releasing the polypeptide chain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for end codons in the process of translation is stop codons. During translation, these stop codons signal the end of protein synthesis, instructing the release of the newly formed polypeptide from the translation machinery.
The stop codons are essential for properly ending the translation process, allowing the protein to fold into its functional form. There are three stop codons: UAA, UAG, and UGA. Unlike start codons, which are specific sequences that signal the beginning of translation, stop codons do not specify an amino acid and instead serve to halt the translation. It's important to distinguish stop codons from other types such as start codons (AUG), which is also the codon for the amino acid methionine and sets the reading frame at the 5' end of the mRNA.