Final answer:
Rank ordering candidates by numerical score for E-7 selection is an example of merit-based selection, emphasizing qualifications over other factors like seniority or loyalty.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rank ordering candidates by their numerical score during an E-7 selection board describes merit-based selection. This is a system where candidates are evaluated and selected based on their abilities, knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), which align with the needs of the organization. Unlike other systems such as alphabetical ranking, random selection, or seniority ranking, merit-based selection ensures that positions are filled by the most qualified individuals, promoting efficiency and fairness within the bureaucracy.
As an example, the spoils system was an earlier practice that appointed individuals based on party loyalty rather than merit. In contrast, modern civil service roles are typically filled based on the merit system, aligning with the trend towards a meritocracy that enables greater social mobility.