Final answer:
Queuing models are not considered a common TQM tool; instead, histograms, check sheets, and scatter diagrams are typical tools used in TQM for data analysis and quality improvement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is A. queuing models. Total Quality Management (TQM) tools are used to analyze data, understand trends, and guide managers in decision-making processes aimed at quality improvement. Common TQM tools include B. histograms, C. check sheets, and D. scatter diagrams. These tools help in understanding the distribution of data, tracking the frequency of problems or defects, and studying the relationship between two variables, respectively. On the other hand, queuing models are more specialized tools used in operations research to manage queues, or waiting lines, and are not typically considered among the standard TQM tools.