Final answer:
Evolutionary psychology is the perspective that explains human behaviors through concepts of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychological perspective which uses concepts such as adaption, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors is known as evolutionary psychology.
This branch of psychology suggests that many human behaviors can be better understood in terms of how they might have evolved in response to the challenges our ancestors faced in the wild.
These behaviors or traits that increased our ancestors' survival and reproductive success may have been passed down across generations due to natural selection.
An important aspect of evolutionary psychology is the focus on genetic influences on behavior and the idea that, to some extent, behaviors might show adaptations to the physical and social environment relevant to survival and reproduction.
Moreover, evolutionary psychology considers individual differences and personality development, with researchers like David Buss examining universal traits and specific traits that offer evolutionary advantages.
Ultimately, evolutionary psychology aims to predict and observe behavior within an evolutionary framework to better understand the genetic and environmental reasons behind those behaviors.
While it is challenging to concretely demonstrate natural selection in human traits, researchers in this field continue to apply evolutionary theory to psychological phenomena.