Final answer:
The correct answer is a. Ribonucleic Acid; DNA; Proteins. RNA is responsible for transferring the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it informs protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) serves to convey genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm, where it is crucial in various cellular processes, including the synthesis of proteins. The correct answer to the question is a) Ribonucleic Acid; DNA; Proteins. This process begins with transcription, where the genetic instructions encoded in DNA are copied to messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA, which is usually single-stranded, is composed of ribonucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds. Each ribonucleotide includes ribose sugar, one of the four nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine), and a phosphate group.
The mRNA molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm to inform the synthesis of proteins. Here, other forms of RNA also play crucial roles, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which forms part of the ribosomes, the site of protein assembly, and transfer RNA (tRNA), which brings amino acids to the ribosomes to build proteins. This flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is a fundamental concept in molecular biology known as the central dogma.