Final answer:
Increased sympathetic tone can lead to several physiological responses, including venoconstriction, an increase in cardiac output, peripheral vasoconstriction, and a rise in blood pressure, but it does not cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Increased sympathetic tone is associated with several physiological responses during a state of stress or to maintain homeostasis following a disturbance such as blood loss. These responses include venoconstriction of blood reservoirs to increase venous return, stimulation of cardiac output, peripheral vasoconstriction to increase vascular resistance, and an increase in systemic blood pressure. However, under sympathetic stimulation, there is actually a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to the vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles in the kidneys. This is in contrast to the effects of Angiotensin II, which can increase GFR by causing systemic vasoconstriction and subsequently increasing blood pressure.
As such, the one effect on the list that is not caused by increased sympathetic tone is B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. This is because with an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, there is vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, which leads to a reduction in blood flow to the glomerulus and hence a reduced glomerular filtration rate.