Final answer:
Depending on the research problem, the primary data collection method can use qualitative or quantitative research methods, including surveys, longitudinal studies, or archival research, each with their specific applications and limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary data collection method can employ either a qualitative or quantitative research method, depending on the nature of the research problem. Qualitative methods are used to gather in-depth insights into human behavior, thoughts, and motivations, often involving methods like interviews, focus groups, and observations. Quantitative methods, on the other hand, involve the collection and analysis of numerical data, typically through surveys, experiments, or the use of existing statistical data.Research designs vary according to the question at hand and the objectives of the study. For instance, longitudinal research tracks the same individuals over a period of time, while cross-sectional research compares different population segments at a single point in time. Surveys can gather both qualitative and quantitative data, but may be limited in depth. Archival research is beneficial for inexpensive data collection; however, researchers have no control over the data's original collection.Choosing the right research method is critical, as it strongly influences the research outcomes, particularly in handling large data sets or dealing with variables over time.