Final answer:
The nervous system includes neurons that transmit electrical signals and glial cells that support neurons. Neurons receive signals via dendrites and transmit them through axons, while glial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes maintain the environment and insulate axons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nerve Cells in the Nervous System
The nervous system consists of neurons and glial cells. Neurons are fundamental for transmitting electrical signals and neural communication, which include receiving input through dendrites and sending out signals via axons. Glial cells, or neuroglial cells, provide essential support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. There are various types of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), each with unique functions. Astrocytes, for instance, regulate the chemical environment, while oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS insulate axons to ensure efficient transmission of nerve impulses.
Nervous tissue is comprised of these two cell types, with neurons being responsible for the actual transmission of signals and glia providing the necessary supportive role to enable neuronal function.
Neurons and glial cells are the two types of cells that make up the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that can send electrical and chemical signals. They have dendrites, which receive signals, and axons, which send signals to other neurons or tissues. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that support the development and functioning of neurons.