Final answer:
The blood supply for the teeth comes from the maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery, itself being a branch of the common carotid artery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The blood supply for the teeth comes from the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery is a branch of the external carotid artery, which is one of the two main branches of the common carotid artery. When considering the overall vascular system, the right common carotid artery stems from the brachiocephalic artery, whereas the left common carotid artery comes directly from the aortic arch. Each of these common carotid arteries splits into internal and external carotid arteries, with the latter supplying the face, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx.
The internal carotid artery contributes to the cerebral circulation and brain oxygenation, entering the skull through the carotid canal and emerging into the cranium via the foramen lacerum. On the other hand, the external carotid artery provides branches to various structures, including the maxillary artery which specifically supplies the deep structures of the face, such as the teeth, muscles, and the palate.