Final answer:
The Mausoleum of Santa Constanza in Rome signifies late Roman art and the adaptation of Christian motifs into architecture around 350 CE, showcasing the era's monumental style and the broader cultural shifts during the late Roman Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mausoleum of Santa Constanza in Rome, which dates to around 350 CE, is a significant architectural representation of late Roman art and architecture and the introduction of Christianity. This mausoleum stands as a testament to the monumental scale of Roman construction during this period, reflecting the emergence of Christian iconography in Roman art. The mausoleum's design, which represented a departure from traditional Roman artistic styles, highlighted the variances in artistic tastes and preferences that existed between the pagan and increasingly Christian societies of the time. Remarkably, figures like Emperor Constantine played pivotal roles in this transition, as demonstrated by his patronage of Christian-themed art and his significant political move in the decriminalization of Christianity in Rome in the early fourth century.
Although the Mausoleum of Santa Constanza does not directly relate to the victory of the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE, nor the specific techniques of opus incertum and opus reticulatum, it symbolizes the broader shifts in cultural and religious landscapes during the late Roman Empire. The Basilica Nova and the Colossus of Constantine are additional examples of this era's grandeur, with the Basilica hosting Constantine's colossal sculpture built from marble and gilded brick, indicative of the monumental style of this period.