Final answer:
The statement regarding the Mount Diablo Meridian used in Nevada is false. The Basin and Range Province in Nevada has normal faults, while New Jersey's Valley and Ridge Province is formed by folding. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Louisiana Purchase respectively resulted in Mexico losing territory and the U.S. doubling its land area, both statements are true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the Mount Diablo Principal Meridian and Baseline located in California is used to describe land in Nevada is false. The Mount Diablo Meridian is used for surveying purposes in California, not for Nevada. Other meridians and baselines are used for land description in Nevada.
When comparing geological structures, the Basin and Range Province in Nevada and the Valley and Ridge Province in New Jersey differ significantly. Nevada's Basin and Range is characterized by a series of parallel ranges separated by down-dropped valleys, formed by normal faulting. In contrast, the Valley and Ridge Province in New Jersey is formed primarily by folding, not faulting, due to compression forces during continental collisions.
As a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it is indeed true that Mexico lost more than half of its territorial land mass to the United States.
Regarding the Louisiana Purchase, it is also true that it doubled the territory of the United States, significantly expanding the nation's land area.