Final answer:
Zero Tolerance Policing is a top-down managerial approach that mandates strict enforcement of all laws, including minor ones, based on the Broken Windows Theory and has resulted in both reduced crime rates and criticisms of police harassment in communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Whereas community policing puts problem identification and solution in the hands of individual patrol officers, Zero Tolerance Policing emphasizes a top-down managerial approach by which administrators set priorities and pass these down through the agencies. Zero Tolerance Policing is a strategy that requires police officers to create a visible presence and assertively enforce all laws, including minor offenses. This approach stemmed from the Broken Windows Theory, suggesting that maintaining orderly urban environments may prevent more serious crimes. Zero Tolerance Policing results in a strict enforcement policy with little discretion left to officers on the street, often leading to a greater number of arrests for petty crimes. However, this strategy has been both praised for its effectiveness in reducing crimes, as happened initially in New York City, and criticized for leading to police harassment, particularly in communities of color.