Question

Select all that apply to isomers.

a) Contain the same elements
b) Have their atoms bonded in different ways
c) Can be interconverted by rotating single bonds
d) Have different molecular formulas

Answer 1

Isomers contain the same elements and have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of atoms. Geometric isomers require a double bond for distinct spatial arrangements. Enantiomers require a central carbon bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Step-by-step explanation:

Selecting all that apply to isomers, we can determine the accurate statements:

• Isomers contain the same elements.
• Isomers have their atoms bonded in different ways.
• Isomers cannot be interconverted just by rotating single bonds; this rotation produces the same molecule, not an isomer.
• Isomers have the same molecular formula, not different ones.

Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of atoms. Geometric isomers, such as cis-trans isomers, require a double bond since rotation around the bond is restricted, leading to different spatial arrangements. Lastly, enantiomers are mirror images that are non-superimposable and must have at least four different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon to exist.