Final answer:
The inheritance pattern that results in heterozygotes displaying an intermediate phenotype is known as incomplete dominance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inheritance pattern described in the passage where the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual with straight hair and a homozygous recessive individual with curly hair result in heterozygotes with an intermediate phenotype is known as incomplete dominance. In this form of inheritance pattern, the heterozygote phenotype is not a blend of the parents' traits, but rather an intermediate that is distinct from either of the homozygous parental phenotypes. This is in contrast to codominance where both alleles are fully expressed, to polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes, and to sex-linked inheritance which concerns genes located on the sex chromosomes.