Final answer:
Transform plate boundaries are characterized by tectonic plates sliding laterally past each other. This type of plate interaction is known for causing earthquakes and does not typically result in volcanic activity since there is no subduction or formation of new crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : d
Transform plate boundaries are characterized by the horizontal motion of tectonic plates sliding past one another. This movement is unlike the vertical movement seen in convergent and divergent boundaries, where plates move towards or away from each other, respectively. At a transform boundary, the plates grind against each other in a lateral motion, which can lead to earthquakes due to the build-up and release of stress. This type of boundary doesn't typically create volcanic activity since there's no subduction or formation of new crust happening, as there is at convergent or divergent boundaries, respectively. When considering the Earth's lithosphere, transform boundaries are crucial in understanding the planet's tectonic activity. They could be considered the 'seams' where two tectonic plates meet horizontally. Examples of transform boundaries include the well-known San Andreas Fault in California and the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. Both are known for their significant earthquake activity.
There is no plate collision or subduction in this type of boundary. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform plate boundary.