Final answer:
A controlled experiment is a technique where researchers compare an experimental group that receives a manipulation to a control group that does not, in order to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique that involves comparing groups based on theoretical predictions and examining relationships between variables is known as a controlled experiment. In such an experiment, researchers design two groups: the experimental group and the control group. These groups are identical except for the experimental manipulation, which is the independent variable introduced to the experimental group but not to the control group. After the manipulation, researchers measure the dependent variable in both groups to determine the effects of the independent variable. The control group acts as a baseline for comparison, ensuring that any observed differences in outcomes are attributable to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors.