Final answer:
A character that changes throughout the story is known as a dynamic character, which is often also a round character with complex traits and the capacity for growth, contrasting with static or flat characters. The correct answer is option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
A character that grows, changes, or deteriorates as a result of what happens to him in the story is known as a dynamic character. Unlike static or flat characters who do not undergo significant change, dynamic characters evolve in response to the events of the narrative. This kind of development can lead to an increase in depth and complexity of a character, often resulting in a round character with more elaborate and various traits akin to a real person, as opposed to a character that remains largely one-dimensional or symbolic of a single idea or trait.
E.M. Forster's distinction between flat and round characters is significant. Flat characters are simple and can be easily summarized, often used to symbolize an idea or characteristic. Round characters, on the other hand, are more fully developed and complex, capable of growth and change, and possess a psychological depth that allows them to surprise readers in a believable way. For instance, Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice provides examples of both types, with the character of Mrs. Bennet serving as a flat character, and her daughter Elizabeth as a round character who is also dynamic, given the personal changes she undergoes throughout the novel.