Final answer:
Predictive validity and concurrent validity are two types of validity that assess the ability of an instrument to predict future performance and its consistency with existing measures, respectively, thus the correct options are a and b.
Explanation:
Validity refers to the accuracy and appropriateness of an instrument in measuring what it is intended to measure. In order to assess the validity of an instrument, there are different types of validity that can be considered. Predictive validity and concurrent validity are two types of validity that assess the ability of an instrument to predict future performance and its consistency with existing measures, respectively.
Predictive validity is the extent to which an instrument can accurately predict future performance or outcomes. This type of validity is commonly used in selection and assessment processes, where the goal is to identify individuals who will perform well in a certain role or job. In order to determine predictive validity, the scores from the instrument are compared to actual performance or outcomes at a later time. For example, a company may use a personality test to assess job candidates and then track their job performance over the next year. The scores from the personality test can then be compared to their actual job performance to determine if the test was able to accurately predict their success in the role.
Concurrent validity, on the other hand, is the extent to which an instrument is consistent with other measures that are already considered valid. This type of validity is often used in situations where there is an existing measure that is widely accepted as valid, and the new instrument is being compared to it. For example, a new intelligence test may be developed and its scores can be compared to those of an established and widely used intelligence test. If the scores from the new test are highly correlated with the scores from the established test, then it can be said that the new test has concurrent validity.
Both predictive validity and concurrent validity are important in determining the overall validity of an instrument. Predictive validity shows the practical and real-world application of the instrument, while concurrent validity provides evidence that the instrument is measuring what it is intended to measure. In order to establish validity, it is important to have a strong correlation between these two types of validity. This means that an instrument with high predictive validity is also likely to have high concurrent validity, and vice versa.
In conclusion, predictive validity and concurrent validity are two types of validity that assess the ability of an instrument to predict future performance and its consistency with existing measures, respectively. Both types of validity are important in determining the overall validity of an instrument, and a strong correlation between them is necessary to establish the validity of the instrument, thus the correct options are a and b.