Final answer:
Changes in global fertility rates are influenced by economic development, urbanization, and sociological factors such as climate change, poverty, and violence. High fertility rates in low-income countries contrast with lower rates in high-income nations, with different projections for population growth depending on the fertility category of each country.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question posed pertains to the analysis of reasons for changes in fertility rates in different parts of the world. There are several factors contributing to these changes. As countries progress through different stages of economic development, there tends to be a shift from rural to urban living, which often correlates with a decrease in family size. Moreover, factors such as poverty, violence, health, and the sociological impact of global issues such as climate change influence individuals' decisions about having children. In regions most affected by climate change, violence, and emigration, like parts of Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, there has been a steep decline in fertility rates.
Furthermore, according to the World Development Indicators database from the World Bank, there is a clear differentiation in fertility rates between low-income and high-income nations, with low-income countries typically having higher fertility rates. The United Nations Population Fund categorizes nations by fertility and anticipates differing population growth rates based on these categories. The global fertility rate has seen a sharp fall from 5 births per woman in 1950 to lower rates in recent years. The overall population growth can also be attributed to life expectancy and net immigration levels, in addition to the birth rates. Countries with the highest fertility rates often face the greatest challenges in supporting a growing population, emphasizing the importance of family planning and resource management.