Final answer:
The Gestalt approach to problem-solving includes convergent thinking, which is about finding a single well-established solution, and divergent thinking, which involves generating multiple unique solutions to a problem.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Gestalt approach to problem-solving emphasizes understanding the whole rather than just the sum of its parts, relying on patterns and organization in perceptual phenomena. When addressing how individuals solve problems, this approach distinguishes between two types of thinking: convergent and divergent. Convergent thinking focuses on narrowing down multiple ideas into a single, well-established answer, much like deductive reasoning. On the other hand, divergent thinking involves generating multiple, unique solutions to a problem, similar to what occurs in descriptive or discovery science. The Gestalt approach values both types of thinking for their roles in problem-solving and creativity.