Final answer:
Experts differ from novices by having a pre-analytical sense of the correct answer and approaching complex material with a methodical and patient attitude. Novices, however, are prone to overestimating their knowledge and expertise, a bias illuminated by the Dunning-Kruger effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
Experts and novices exhibit noticeable differences in the way they approach and handle information in their area of specialization. In terms of intuition, experts often have a pre-analytical sense of the correct answer, which they use to confirm their findings and to remain vigilant against potential errors. This intuitive understanding is rooted in a deep familiarity with the subject matter. On the other hand, novices tend to trust their gut reactions too readily and are more susceptible to biases and misjudgments because their mental heuristics are not as well-developed.
Another distinction lies in the approach to complex material. Experts are known to carefully read through challenging content several times, allowing the information to truly sink in, indicating a methodical and patient approach to learning. This contrast with novices, who may not yet have developed the habit of revisiting material to the same extent, could partially explain the expert's depth of understanding.
The Dunning-Kruger effect also highlights differences in self-assessment of expertise, showing that novices commonly overestimate their knowledge while experts tend to rate theirs more accurately yet modestly. Such disparities in self-perception underscore the importance of experience and genuine knowledge in forming a reliable assessment of one's expertise in a particular field.