Final answer:
The statement is false; Japanese individuals, not Americans, exhibit more group-oriented thinking and are more influenced by context due to their collectivistic culture, as shown in studies comparing cultural differences in cognitive processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that American individuals use a more group-oriented, collective approach to attribution with regard to attention and memory achievement tasks compared to their Japanese counterparts is false. Research by Masuda and Nisbett (2001) has shown that Japanese individuals tend to process information more holistically and are more sensitive to the context in which an object is present, which aligns with collectivistic cultural traits. American individuals, representative of a more individualistic culture, do not demonstrate the same level of context sensitivity, and they tend to focus more on individual objects rather than the relationships between them. This comparison underlines the differences in cognitive processing between collectivistic cultures, such as Japan, and individualistic cultures, such as the United States.