Final answer:
The TATA box is involved in the initiation of transcription, the start of translation is signaled by the translation start codon, and the start of transcription is signaled by conserved sequences in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The presence of the first intron can be determined by splice donor and splice acceptor sites.
Step-by-step explanation:
The TATA box is a sequence found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is involved in the initiation of transcription. It is a repeat of thymine and adenine dinucleotides (TATA repeats) and is located just upstream of the transcriptional start site. Transcription factors bind to the TATA box, assembling an initiation complex and allowing RNA polymerase to bind to the upstream sequence and begin transcription.
The start of translation is signaled by a specific sequence called the translation start codon. This sequence is typically AUG and is recognized by the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis.
The start of transcription is also signaled by specific sequences. In prokaryotes, the promoter region contains two conserved sequences called the -10 sequence (TATAAT) and the -35 sequence. In eukaryotes, the promoter region is more complex, but it often includes a TATA box.
The presence of the first intron in a genomic DNA sequence can be determined by examining the DNA sequence for splice donor and splice acceptor sites. In eukaryotes, introns are typically removed during RNA processing, while in prokaryotes, introns are rare.