Final answer:
Information required for a resource-allocation problem includes the amount of each resource used by activities, the total available resources, and the cost of resources. Resources move through the economy to address scarcity, which everyone experiences due to limited resources against unlimited wants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The resource-allocation problem in economics specifically deals with how resources are distributed across various activities. Essential information required for solving such problems includes: A) The amount of each resource used by each activity, which allows us to understand the consumption of resources; B) The amount of each resource available, which outlines the limitations and capacities of resource supply; and C) The cost of each resource, which has implications for budgeting and financial planning.
Resources in an economic system move from areas where they are abundant to where they are scarce, addressing the scarcity by balancing the supply and demand through market mechanisms or planned economies. As everyone experiences scarcity due to unlimited wants but limited resources, making optimal choices between different uses of limited resources is key.