Final answer:
Economics is the study of how resources are allocated for the production of goods and services in a society, encompassing economic geography, societal well-being, environmental impacts, and government policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The field of study that focuses on how resources are distributed for the production of goods and services within a social system is Economics. This social science is dedicated to understanding how wealth is created, distributed, and how it circulates among individuals, communities, and countries. Economic geography is a vital part of economics that examines the spatial aspects of economic activities and helps to understand the movement of products, money, and people.
Economics also looks into the well-being of all demographic groups, addresses issues such as environmental pollution caused by production, and analyzes the impact of education investments on workforce skills. The study of economics considers not only the economic activities but also their broader impact on society, including the role of government policies, taxation, and regulations in shaping production and consumption decisions.