Final answer:
Gene regulation in eukaryotes often involves histone modification, which is not used by prokaryotes. This process controls access to the chromosomal region and affects the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
Step-by-step explanation:
In eukaryotes, gene regulation often involves histone modification, which is not used by prokaryotes. Histone modification refers to the addition or removal of chemical modifications to the histone proteins, which control how tightly DNA is wound around the histones and therefore accessibility to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
This epigenetic control allows eukaryotic cells to turn genes on or off by regulating access to the chromosomal region. In contrast, prokaryotic gene regulation primarily occurs at the level of transcription through the binding of transcription factors to regulatory regions. Furthermore, eukaryotic gene regulation is more complex, involving multiple levels such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation.