Final answer:
Nonexcludable goods or services are those that cannot be restricted to those who pay for them. Police protection, roads, and primary education are examples of nonexcludable goods or services because they are available to all members of society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Goods or services that are nonexcludable are those that cannot feasibly be restricted to paying consumers; they are available to everyone, regardless of whether they pay for them. Nonexcludability is a key characteristic of public goods, which are goods that are made available to all members of society. From the provided options, the nonexcludable goods or services include a. police protection, c. roads, and d. primary education. These are provided to the public at large and individuals cannot be effectively excluded from using them. On the other hand, streaming music from satellite transmission programs and cell phone service require subscriptions and are therefore excludable, as access can be denied to those who do not pay.