Final answer:
The ancient Romans perfected the round arch, also known as the true arch. This architectural feature, composed of voussoirs and a central keystone, allowed for the construction of larger openings and monumental structures like aqueducts and the Pantheon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient Romans perfected the round arch type of construction. While the concept of the round arch dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, it was the Romans who significantly advanced its use in architecture. The Roman round arch, also known as the true arch, is composed of wedge-shaped stones or voussoirs, with the central keystone securing the structure. This design allowed for the pressure to be redistributed, facilitating the construction of larger openings in buildings and improving airflow. The Roman use of concrete in combination with the round arch led to the development of vaults, domes, and other remarkable structures such as the Pantheon, known for its expansive interior space unimpeded by columns.
Roman architecture relied heavily on the true arch, which was critical for the construction of aqueducts, like the one in Nimes, France, and allowed for the development of advanced structural forms like vaults and domes. Unlike the corbeled or pointed arches, the Roman true arch is distinct for its ability to support immense weight and create vast architectural spaces.