Final answer:
The Battle of the Gods and Giants on the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon symbolizes the Gigantomachy, representing the mythological struggle between the Olympian gods and the Giants. It is an iconic example of Greek High Classical art, noted for its dynamic high relief and deep drilling techniques, reflecting profound cultural and artistic values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Battle of the Gods and Giants, found on the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon, is a portrayal of the mythological struggle between deities and titans, known as the Gigantomachy. This frieze is celebrated for its dynamic composition and its representation of the Olympian gods in a fierce battle against the Giants, offsprings of Gaia, symbolizing the victory of the Greek pantheon over earlier forces. The Altar of Zeus also features other significant mythological battles, such as the Amazonomachy, the sack of Troy, and the Centauromachy, all of which are depicted on different sides of the altar, embodying the Greeks' pride in their victory over the Persian forces represented metaphorically through these mythical confrontations. The Gigantomachy is particularly noted for its high relief, where the figures almost break free from the confines of the wall, and the deep drilling techniques employed create a pronounced sense of drama through the use of shadows. These sculptural techniques and the choice of subject matter reflect the values and artistic achievements of the Classical period in Greek art, particularly the High Classical Period when adherence to proportion, optical refinements, and early explorations of monumentality were central to the aesthetic.