Final answer:
Roman architecture revolutionized building techniques by utilizing concrete, arches, and vaults to create stunning interior spaces. These innovations are clearly displayed in the Pantheon's dome and in other structures like the Colosseum. Roman architectural principles continue to influence modern design, most notably in the design of stadiums.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roman Innovations in Building Techniques
Roman architecture marked a significant departure from earlier architectural traditions due to its use of new building techniques. Unlike the Greeks and their post-and-lintel system that limited the interior space of structures, Romans leveraged the power of concrete, arches, and vaulting to create vast interior spaces, thereby enhancing both the functional and aesthetic aspects of their architecture. This innovation is epitomized by structures like the Pantheon, which features a coffered concrete dome and an oculus, embodying the Roman priority of shaping impressive interior spaces.
Another noteworthy technique was the use of the arch, which Romans did not invent but certainly perfected for grander construction projects. Arches allowed for the creation of larger open spaces and contributed to the structural integrity and majestic appearance of buildings like the Colosseum and the Markets of Trajan. Furthermore, the Romans appreciated and sometimes incorporated the Classical beauty of Greek architecture, as seen in the marble Forum of Trajan, highlighting their respect for tradition alongside their intent to innovate and improve.
The legacy of these architectural innovations is evident in modern-day buildings and remains a testament to Rome's ambition to design structures not just for their external grandeur but also for the activities that would take place within their walls. Indeed, modern stadiums still borrow principles from ancient Roman designs, showing the enduring influence of their architectural revolution.