Final answer:
The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is the Department of Energy's research facility mentioned. Known as Fermilab, it was a leading laboratory in particle physics research and was named after physicist Enrico Fermi.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question The ______________ Laboratory is one of the Department of Energy's largest research facilities is b) Fermi. The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, also known as Fermilab, located near Batavia, Illinois, was a premier particle physics laboratory. This facility was renowned for its subatomic particle collider that accelerated protons and antiprotons to achieve energies up to 1 TeV (trillion electronvolts). This significant intensity was used to explore the fundamental particles and forces of the universe. Although the main collider was shut down in September 2011, Fermilab continues to conduct various scientific experiments and remains a cornerstone of the physics community. It was named after the illustrious physicist Enrico Fermi, who made remarkable contributions to theoretical physics, including the identification of the weak nuclear force.