Final answer:
Characteristic signs of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis include gum inflammation, erosion, bleeding, and halitosis. This condition, also known as trench mouth, can evolve into periodontitis where tooth loss may occur due to damage to the tooth's supporting structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristic clinical signs and symptoms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth, include inflammation and erosion of gums, bleeding, and halitosis. The condition is marked by acute pain with chewing, and it is often associated with ulceration of the interdental papillae. Additional signs may be the presence of pseudomembrane over the ulcerated areas. NUG can be diagnosed through visual examination and may warrant the use of X-rays for analysis. When left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe stage that can lead to tooth mobility, loss of attachment, and bone loss due to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth.