Final answer:
The condition of peasants in Western Europe in the eighteenth century was characterized by ongoing manorial obligations and limited improvements in living standards, rendering the statement false.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which of the following characterizes the condition of peasants in Western Europe in the eighteenth century? Peasants enjoyed improved living standards due to increased agricultural productivity. The answer to this would be false. While it's true that living conditions for peasants improved in the aftermath of the Plague due to lower population densities and higher wages as nobles competed for labor, by the eighteenth century, many peasants were still subject to manorialism and owed rents and services to their noble overlords. The industrial revolution and internal migration also began shaping the development of a peasant class with limited landholdings who were dependent on subsistence-based agriculture.