Final answer:
Computer security controls like Encryption, Authentication, Firewall, and Backup and Recovery are fundamental components that protect against various security threats,
from unauthorized data access during transmission to system failures that could cause data loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
When addressing the issue of securing computer systems and data, there are several key controls that can be implemented. Each control has a specific function in the overall security architecture of an information system.
- Encryption is used to prevent unauthorized access during data transmission. It ensures that data is unreadable to anyone who does not have the decryption key or password, safeguarding sensitive information as it travels across networks.
- Authentication is a process that guards against impersonation or unauthorized access to a system. It confirms the identity of a user before granting access, often through passwords, biometrics, or multi-factor authentication techniques.
- A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies. It serves as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet.
- Backup and Recovery procedures are critical to mitigate data loss due to system failure, accidental deletion, or catastrophic events. Regular backups and a solid recovery plan ensure that data can be restored in such scenarios.