Final answer:
Coping is the effort to manage demands that are perceived as taxing or overwhelming, using strategies like problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, which are preceded by primary and secondary appraisals of the stressor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that involves efforts through thoughts or action to deal with demands that are perceived as taxing or overwhelming is known as coping. Coping refers to the mental and behavioral efforts employed by individuals to manage problems associated with stress. Types of coping strategies include problem-focused coping, where the stressor is directly confronted, and emotion-focused coping, where efforts are made to reduce the negative emotions associated with stress. For example, if someone receives a failing grade, they might use problem-focused coping by seeking tutoring, or emotion-focused coping by engaging in distractions like watching a movie. Furthermore, the process of coping begins with a primary appraisal of the stressor, where an individual judges its potential for harm or threat, followed by a secondary appraisal, where the individual evaluates their options to manage the situation. The effectiveness of coping is greatly influenced by one's appraisal of the situation and the perceived control over the outcomes.