Question

Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.

(a) CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃
(b) PhCOPh
(c) CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO
(d) O
(e) OH
A) (a) Common Name: n-Butyl methyl ketone, IUPAC Name: 2-Methylhexan-3-one
B) (b) Common Name: Diphenyl ketone, IUPAC Name: Benzophenone
C) (c) Common Name: 3-Bromo-4-methylhexanal, IUPAC Name: 5-Bromo-2-methylhexanal
D) (d) Common Name: Formaldehyde, IUPAC Name: Methanal
E) (e) Common Name: Hydroxymethyl, IUPAC Name: Methanol

Answer 1

(a) CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃. The provided list includes both correct and incorrect names for aldehydes and ketones.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question pertains to the naming of aldehydes and ketones, providing their common and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) names. When naming these compounds, there are specific rules to follow:

• For aldehydes, the common names are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids. The IUPAC name is created by replacing the -e of the parent alkane with the ending -al.
• For ketones, the common names include the names of the groups attached to the carbonyl group, followed by the word 'ketone'. The IUPAC name replaces the -e of the parent alkane with the ending -one, and the carbon chain is numbered so that the carbonyl carbon gets the lowest number.

Based on these rules, the correct names for the provided compounds are:

1. (CH3CO(CH2)4CH3): Common Name: Hexan-2-one, IUPAC Name: Hexan-2-one (incorrectly stated as n-Butyl methyl ketone and 2-Methylhexan-3-one respectively in the student's answer).
2. (PhCOPh): Common Name: Benzophenone, IUPAC Name: Benzophenone (correctly stated).
3. (CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO): Common Name: 3-Bromo-5-methylhexanal, IUPAC Name: 5-Bromo-2-methylhexanal (corrected from the incorrect student's answer).
4. (O): This is not a complete structure for an aldehyde or a ketone.
5. (OH): This is not a complete structure for an aldehyde or a ketone, and the names provided in the student's answer are incorrect as 'Hydroxymethyl' is a substituent name and 'Methanol' is an alcohol, not an aldehyde or ketone.