Question

Modernism is one of the central themes in the second half of this class

Artists developed Utopias, saw art as a tool to change or revolutionize society; this was part of the mission of the avant-garde; today, artistic mentalities have changed and artists only rarely define their role in these terms.

We will conclude with the criticism of the modern condition formulated by thinkers and writers since approximately the 1960s>Post-modernism (pluralism in society corresponds to pluralistic forms of creative expression).

Options:
A) Romanticism
B) Baroque
C) Rococo
D) Post-modernism

Answer 1

Modernism emerged as a significant arts movement challenging established norms and advocating progress and utopian visions. By around 1940, Modernism gave way to Post-modernism, which favors pluralism and rejects universal truths in art. The correct term describing this shift is Post-modernism (Option D).

Step-by-step explanation:

Modernism and Post-Modernism in Art

Modernism is a significant movement in the arts that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to vast changes in Western society. Artists of that time embraced innovation, pushing forward a utopian vision of society with a belief in progress. This movement pervaded various fields, including art, architecture, literature, and philosophy, challenging established authority and rejecting the past's moralistic narratives.

Characteristics of modernism included its skepticism towards the middle class, formal purity, and a focus on art for its own sake. Visionaries like Piet Mondrian and Wassily Kandinsky defined modernist expression in painting with their abstract works. As time progressed, there was a shift in mentality, and by around 1940, many consider this era closed, giving way to Post-modernism. This latter movement corresponds to a pluralistic society and features diverse forms of creative expression, rejecting the notion of universal truths and celebrating multiplicity in artistic thought and practice.

In conclusion, postmodern criticism of the modern condition began to emerge in the 1960s. Today, the relationship between artists and their role in society tends to be less utopian and revolutionary than in the peak years of Modernism. Thus, the correct option that defines the shift from the modernist perspective to a more pluralistic approach in the contemporary era is D) Post-modernism.