Final answer:
The subject is an inquiry about Antonella da Messina's 'The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian' and the correct answer is (C) Oil Painting, reflecting the significant shift in painting techniques during the Renaissance, from tempera to oil paint, influenced by Venetian trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to the work of Antonella da Messina, specifically 'The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian,' and mentions the adoption of oil painting techniques in Venice during the Renaissance. This period was significant for the transition from the previously dominant tempera paint to oil paint. While both tempera and oil were used by artists of the time for creating their masterpieces, it was the influence of Northern European traders and the availability of exotic pigments through Venetian trade networks that brought about the widespread use of oil paint.
Works like those by Giorgione demonstrate the shift to oil on canvas. This transition allowed for more versatility and depth in paintings, as seen in Giovanni Bellini's work. Renowned artists, including Andrea Mantegna, were known for their use of oil painting, creating works with great detail and depth, like 'Saint Sebastian' painted in oil on wood.