Final answer:
In cases where false information is spread that damages reputation, the offense is called defamation. Libel and slander are its subcategories, and the media is protected when expressing opinions. Public figures face higher standards to prove defamation in lawsuits. The correct option is c) Defamation
Step-by-step explanation:
When an agent spreads a false story that damages a competing agent's reputation, the offense can be categorized under defamation which includes both libel (written defamation) and slander (spoken defamation). Defamation is a statement that injures a third party's reputation.
The media are protected from many libel and slander provisions when expressing opinions, as these are not presented as factual claims.
For the courts to find libel, there needs to be a false statement presented as a fact with intent to harm. Cases like the New York Times v. Sullivan require that public figures prove the statement was made with "actual malice"—that is, knowing it was false or with reckless disregard for its truthfulness.
In one example, a public figure must demonstrate not only that a press statement was untrue but also that it was made with malicious intent. This makes it more difficult for them to sue for defamation and silences critics less readily.The correct option is c) Defamation