Final answer:
The statement about total penetration causing burnout is false; small amounts can indeed cause burnout. The examples provided highlight other true/false physics principles such as the photoelectric effect, current induction, wire insulation, electric current induction by a magnet, machine efficiency, polarization, and behavior of electric-field lines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Small amounts of total penetration usually will not cause a burnout.' can be answered as false, as even small amounts of penetration in an electrical context can lead to a breakdown of the insulation and ultimately cause a burnout. When discussing related electromagnetic radiation concepts, it's important to note the following truths:
- Visible light is not the only type of electromagnetic radiation that can cause the photoelectric effect; ultraviolet light, for instance, can also cause electrons to be expelled from a material.
- A current is indeed created in a photoconductive cell even if only one electron is expelled from a photon strike.
- The high-voltage wires that you see atop metal towers are supported by insulators, but they are not entirely wrapped in insulating material.
- If you drop a bar magnet through a copper tube, it will induce an electric current in the tube due to electromagnetic induction.
- The efficiency of a simple machine is always less than 100 percent due to inevitable energy loss to friction.
- Charging an object by polarization can occur without direct contact, contrary to requiring a touch from a charged object.
Furthermore, wood may seem like an insulator, but lightning can indeed travel through a tree to reach the Earth, highlighting the complexity of insulating materials under extreme conditions. Also, electric-field lines from a positive point charge indeed radiate outward.