Final answer:
Dynamic lunges are the balance training exercise from the options provided that involves a full range of motion, using various muscle groups to maintain balance, similar to the body's natural balance mechanics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balance training exercise that is part of the second stage of balance training involving dynamic, eccentric, and concentric movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion is c) Dynamic lunges. Dynamic lunges incorporate moving the body's center of gravity forward and backward while performing the exercise, which challenges and improves the stability of the individual. Understanding the importance of a stable center of gravity, which is above the hip joints and lies between two narrowly-separated feet, helps to comprehend how dynamic lunges can train the body to maintain balance with variable base support. By performing lunges, the range of motion in the hip, knee, and ankle joints is used, and the muscles are engaged extensively as they work to balance the body, similar to how they are used to balance the body in the front-to-back direction as mentioned in the reference material.