Final answer:
Individuals must sign an informed consent form before participating in an experiment, which details the research and any potential risks. Institutional review boards (IRBs) review and approve research proposals to ensure participant safety and that ethical principles are followed. option (D)
Step-by-step explanation:
Before participating in an experiment, individuals are required to read and sign an informed consent form. This form is crucial as it informs participants about what to expect during the experiment, any risks involved, the benefits, and the implications of the research. Additionally, it confirms that the participation is voluntary and can be terminated at any time without penalties, assuring confidentiality of data collected.
In order to protect human subjects in research, ethical principles must be adhered to. These include the review of research proposals by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), which is a requirement for any research institution receiving federal support. The IRB ensures that research benefits outweigh the risks, informed consent is obtained, and the research is conducted by qualified individuals.
All planned studies involving human participants must be approved in advance by the IRB, with key protections mandated by law. These ethical principles cover a range of safeguards such as informed consent, participant safety, the balance of risks and benefits, and the confidentiality of participant information.